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March 23, 2009
The newest contribution to cold prevention is the interferon nasal spray developed simultaneously at the University of Virginia and the University of Adelaide, Australia. The two universities tested a total of 150 families, each composed of four or more people living in a household setting. Whenever a household member came down with cold symptoms, the others sprayed their nasal passages with alpha-interferon for a period of seven days.
Interferon is released by nasal cells infected by viruses to immunize nearby cells from viral attack. Results of the spray have been encouraging. The studies showed that interferon reduced incidence of rhinovirus colds by 80 percent. Over the six to eight months test period, interferon-protected families had 40 percent fewer colds than comparable control-group families.
But the interferon spray will not cure a cold once symptoms appear. During tests, users experienced irritation and minor nasal bleeding some 10 percent of the time, especially when using the spray for more than seven days. The spray may not be feasible for children. Since colds are contagious before symptoms appear, the spray may not protect during this period. Although interferon is being produced by genetic engineering, its cost may still be fairly high. FDA approval could be delayed and if the spray is available by prescription only, it could be financially out of reach of many people. The spray appears usable only for seven days at a time after which the user is exposed to risk of catching cold again until the effects of the spray wear off and it can be used for another seven-day period. Finally, even when used, it protects against only 40 percent of the overall risk of catching cold.
The interferon spray is of no help in alleviating cold symptoms, though it might possibly shorten the duration of a cold by reducing the number of cells a virus can infect.
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