July 19, 2011

Sometimes atherosclerosis can damage the walls of blood vessels and lead to a situation in which the arteries, including the aorta, develop abnormally widened areas called aneurysms. Aneurysms can occur in virtually any artery, but the segment of the aorta that runs through the abdomen is the most common site of localized ballooning. Other sites of aneurysm are the aorta in the chest and the arteries in the thigh and behind the knee.Causes of Aneurysm. More than 90 percent of abdominal aortic aneurysms are associated with atherosclerosis.Symptoms of Aneurysm. Most abdominal aortic aneurysms do not produce symptoms, but some people feel a pulsating sensation in the abdomen. These silent (asymptomatic) aneurysms are often recognized by careful physical examination, chest X-ray, and ultrasonography. When aneurysms do not cause symptoms and are small, they can be safely watched and do not require surgery. It is important, however, to have periodic evaluations. When aneurysms become larger the chance of sudden rupture is greater, and these should be surgically repaired.*196\252\8*

July 9, 2011

In a sense, it is incorrect to think of a cholesterol (or triglyceride) level as being strictly abnormal or normal. Although ranges of cholesterol levels have been identified which are considered “too high,” there is no “magic number” that separates risky levels from safe levels. Actually, the ranges for adults are based on a consensus of expert investigators and physicians. They have identified levels of lipids in the blood above which the risk for development of coronary complications is high enough to warrant changes. People with cholesterol or triglyceride levels in the higher-risk zones are said to be hyperholesterolemic, hypertriglyceridemic, or simply hypertrglylipldemic (hyper means “high,” lipid means “fat,” emic means “in the blood”). But, as with all risk factors, being in the “high” range does “hot-guarantee that coronary artery disease will develop, nor does being in the “low” range guarantee avoiding it.Lipid levels are described as the number of milligrams that are present in 1/10 of a liter of blood (about 1/2 cup). The unit of measurement is expressed as milligrams (mg) per deciliter (dl)— mg/dl. Of course, this value can be calculated from the measurement of lipids in a much smaller blood sample.*241\252\8*

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